A quick crash course in existentialism! Learn some of the basics, fast!
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Existentialism: in a nutshell.
Existentialism, is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 20th century and delves deep into the complexities of human existence.
It deeply examines the fundamental questions of life, meaning, and the individual’s freedom to choose their own path.
I want to further explore the origins of existentialism, the role of philosophical writers in its prevalence, and especially focus on the profound impact of Jean-Paul Sartre on its development and proliferation.
The Origins of Existentialism
Existentialism, as a distinct philosophical movement, began to take shape in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
While it is challenging to pinpoint an exact founding moment, several key figures contributed to its development throughout the ages.
One of the earliest influences was the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, who emphasized the importance of individual subjectivity and the existential angst that arises from the human condition.
Kierkegaard is mostly know for his book Either/Or (which is also a GREAT Elliot Smith album)
Another pivotal figure in the emergence of existentialism was Friedrich Nietzsche.
Nietzsche’s works challenged traditional moral values and proclaimed the death of God, paving the way for a philosophy centered on human freedom and responsibility.
His concept of the “Ubermensch” or the “superman” embodies the idea of creating one’s own values and living authentically.
These concepts and examinations of life have spurred innumerable conversations on living and the philosophical discourse surrounding what is our purpose as a society.
The Role of Philosophical Writers in Existentialism
Philosophical writers have played a crucial role in popularizing existentialism and making it accessible to a wider audience.
Through their works, they have explored the intricacies of existential thought and its implications for human existence.
One peripheral, but influential writer was Albert Camus.
Although he is actually an “Absurdist” Camus has helped shaped existentialism.
Particularly of note is the novel “The Stranger” because it embodies many existential themes.
In it, the protagonist, Meursault, grapples with the absurdity of life and the indifference of the universe.
Camus’ works shed light on the human struggle for meaning in an inherently meaningless world.
Another prominent writer associated with existentialism is Fyodor Dostoevsky.
In his novel “Notes from Underground,” Dostoevsky delves into the depths of human consciousness, exploring themes of alienation, despair, and the search for authenticity.
His characters confront the existential dilemmas of freedom and responsibility, leaving a lasting impact on the development of existential thought.
The Impact of Jean-Paul Sartre
When discussing existentialism, it is impossible to overlook the significant contributions of one man,
Jean-Paul Sartre. As one of the leading figures of the movement, Sartre’s ideas have had a unparalleled impact on its development.
Sartre’s most influential work, “Being and Nothingness,” explores the concept of “existence precedes essence.” He argues that individuals are free to define their own essence through their choices and actions. This notion of radical freedom became a cornerstone of existentialism, emphasizing the responsibility of individuals in creating their own lives.
Sartre also introduced the concept of “bad faith,” which refers to the act of denying one’s freedom and responsibility. He believed that individuals often deceive themselves by conforming to societal expectations and avoiding the burden of choice. By exposing the dangers of bad faith, Sartre encourages individuals to embrace their freedom and live authentically.
Besides his philosophical works, Sartre’s plays, such as “No Exit” and “The Flies,” further popularized existential ideas.
Through vivid characters and thought-provoking dialogues, Sartre explores themes of self-deception, alienation, and the inherent anguish of human existence.
Overall, Jean-Paul Sartre’s contributions to existentialism have been monumental. His ideas have shaped the movement and continue to resonate with individuals seeking to navigate the complexities of human existence.
In Closing.
Existentialism reminds us that we are not mere spectators in the theater of life but active participants, responsible for shaping our own destinies.
It urges us to embrace our freedom, confront the absurdity of existence, and strive to live authentically in a world that often seems devoid of meaning.
We exist, therefore we must live a life that we deem acceptable and are proud of.